Data Sources
Data Sources
Data Sources
Two existing data sources were used to find good indicators for the seven areas.
The data source providing the bulk of the indicators is the International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS). This comprehensive study includes survey data on citizenship education and civic attitudes from students (13–15 year olds), teachers, school principals, and education officials.
It covers many European and several non-European countries, and has been conducted in 2009, 2016 and 2022.
ICCS Indicators
We used data from the student, teacher, and principal surveys to find indicators for the practice components and drew on the survey among education officials (the national context survey) to find indicators for the policy components of as many as six of the seven areas:
CE curriculum
Participatory pedagogy
CE in teacher training
School ethos
Unitary system of education
Length of compulsory education
ICCS Indicators
We used data from the student, teacher, and principal surveys to find indicators for the practice components and drew on the survey among education officials (the national context survey) to find indicators for the policy components of as many as six of the seven areas:
CE curriculum
Participatory pedagogy
CE in teacher training
School ethos
Unitary system of education
Length of compulsory education
ICCS Indicators
We used data from the student, teacher, and principal surveys to find indicators for the practice components and drew on the survey among education officials (the national context survey) to find indicators for the policy components of as many as six of the seven areas:
CE curriculum
Participatory pedagogy
CE in teacher training
School ethos
Unitary system of education
Length of compulsory education
Supplementary Data from PISA
We sourced indicators for common education (both the policy and practice component) from the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) studies, more particularly from the reports of the 2009, 2015 and 2022 editions of the study.
PISA offers a comprehensive test of the skills and knowledge of 15-year-old students in mathematics, reading, and science, along with information on the institutional characteristics of education systems.
Starting in OECD countries, it has gradually expanded to include 81 countries in the 2022 edition of the study. It has run every three years since 2000.
Supplementary Data from PISA
We sourced indicators for common education (both the policy and practice component) from the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) studies, more particularly from the reports of the 2009, 2015 and 2022 editions of the study.
PISA offers a comprehensive test of the skills and knowledge of 15-year-old students in mathematics, reading, and science, along with information on the institutional characteristics of education systems.
Starting in OECD countries, it has gradually expanded to include 81 countries in the 2022 edition of the study. It has run every three years since 2000.
Supplementary Data from PISA
We sourced indicators for common education (both the policy and practice component) from the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) studies, more particularly from the reports of the 2009, 2015 and 2022 editions of the study.
PISA offers a comprehensive test of the skills and knowledge of 15-year-old students in mathematics, reading, and science, along with information on the institutional characteristics of education systems.
Starting in OECD countries, it has gradually expanded to include 81 countries in the 2022 edition of the study. It has run every three years since 2000.